en باکتری شناسی bacteriology Research Article Research Article <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Background:</b> Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections of all ages and sexes. <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> is reported as the most common predominant pathogen. Urinary tract infection treatment leads to abundant antibiotic application in hospitals and communities, continuously developing multidrug resistance (MDR). This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and resistance pattern to common antibiotics among <i>E. coli</i> isolates from patients with UTIs at Nemazee Hospital in Shiraz.<br> <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective cross-sectional survey studied 1910 positive urine samples with <i>E. coli</i> bacteria from patients referred to Nemazee Hospital from 2018 to 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 12 commonly used antibiotics for UTIs.<br> <b>Results:</b> A total of 1910 <i>E. coli</i> isolates were gathered during these 2 years. The most highlighted resistance was observed against quinolones and cephalosporins at 86.9% and 89.7%, respectively. Cephalexin (87.9%) and nalidixic acid (86.1%) have shown the lowest activity against <i>E. coli</i> isolates. Also, the highest susceptibility was determined for amikacin (88.3%), nitrofurantoin (76.8%), and gentamicin (70.6%). In addition, 1624 (85%) isolates were MDR.<br> <b>Conclusion</b>: In conclusion, resistance to antibiotics (such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, and nitrofurantoin) is increasing. Therefore, it is vital to follow an appropriate antimicrobial stewardship program.</span></span><br> &nbsp; Antimicrobial stewardship, Drug resistance, Escherichia coli, Urinary Tract Infections 23 26 http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1271-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Abolfazl Shirdel Abdolmaleki abolfazl.shirdel@yahoo.com 100319475328460027208 100319475328460027208 No Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Abolfazl Rafati Zomorodi rafatiabolfazl@sums.ac.ir 100319475328460027209 100319475328460027209 No Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Motamedifar motamedm@sums.ac.ir 100319475328460027210 100319475328460027210 Yes Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Yalda Malekzadegan malekzadeganyalda@gmail.com 100319475328460027211 100319475328460027211 No Department of Microbiology, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran